Modern Glyfada, one of the best-known districts of the Athenian Riviera, stands on the site of the ancient deme of Aixone, an important coastal community of classical Athens. The territory of the deme extended from the shores of the Saronic Gulf — roughly where the four modern marinas of Glyfada are located today — up to the lower slopes of Mount Hymettus, forming a landscape that combined coastline, fertile plains and mountainous terrain.
Human presence in the area goes back to very early times. Archaeological evidence indicates that the region has been inhabited since the Neolithic period (around 6000 BC), particularly on the Pounta peninsula, located near modern Voula. The western end of this peninsula forms Cape Aixone, which separates the Bay of Voula from the Bay of Glyfada. Its sheltered coves and favourable terrain made the area attractive for early settlements.
The existence of a settlement during the Mycenaean period is considered certain. Excavations have revealed important remains at the site of Alyki, while further discoveries have been made on a hill near the modern church of Agios Nikolaos, on the slopes of Mount Hymettus. Pottery, tools and habitation traces suggest that the area formed part of the wider Mycenaean world of Attica.
During the Classical period, the deme of Aixone was fully integrated into the administrative system of the Athenian democracy. The centre of the deme appears to have been located in the area known as Pyrnari, near today’s church of Agios Nikolaos. From this point passed the ancient road to Cape Sounio, an important route connecting Athens with the sanctuaries and mining districts of southeastern Attica. Along the coast, archaeological remains of an ancient harbour have also been discovered in the northern bay of the Pounta peninsula.
What’s in a Name
The ancient name Aixone has been interpreted in several ways, though its precise origin remains uncertain. It is often associated with the word aix, meaning goat, possibly referring to a landscape suitable for grazing animals. This interpretation fits well with the pastoral character of the region in antiquity.
The modern name Glyfada appeared in the early 20th century, when the settlement was renamed because of the brackish underground water found in the area. The word “glyfos” refers to water that is neither fully fresh nor entirely salty, a natural feature that characterised the local groundwater.
During the Byzantine period, the settlement shifted slightly toward the southeast, and the area was mainly used by farmers and shepherds. The fertile foothills of Mount Hymettus and the coastal plains provided suitable land for agriculture and grazing.
The major transformation of Glyfada came during the 20th century, when the area gradually developed into a seaside suburb of Athens. After the Second World War, the presence of foreign missions and especially the American facilities at nearby Ellinikon contributed to Glyfada’s emergence as a cosmopolitan centre with lively tourism and commercial activity.
Today Glyfada is one of the most vibrant districts of the Attic coastline, where the ancient heritage of Aixone, the beaches of the Saronic Gulf and the modern life of the Athenian Riviera coexist within the same landscape.
Sights
Pounta Peninsula and Cape Aixone
The Pounta Peninsula marks the ancient coastal boundary between the Bays of Voula and Glyfada. At its western end lies Cape Aixone, where remains of an ancient harbour serving the deme of Aixone have been discovered. The area also offers fine views across the Saronic Gulf.
Glyfada Marinas
Glyfada hosts four marinas which form one of the main yachting centres of the Saronic Gulf. The waterfront promenade around the marinas is popular for walking and offers wide views over the sea and the nearby Saronic islands.
Glyfada Seafront and Beaches
The coastal zone of Glyfada includes long organised beaches as well as smaller coves along the shoreline. Because of its proximity to Athens, the area has long been a favourite destination for swimming and seaside recreation.
Flavours
Seafood of the Saronic Gulf
Restaurants along the Glyfada waterfront are known for serving fresh seafood from the Saronic Gulf. Grilled fish, squid, octopus and shrimp are among the most common dishes enjoyed in seaside tavernas.
Mediterranean Cuisine of the Riviera
Glyfada hosts a wide variety of restaurants offering Mediterranean cuisine based on olive oil, fresh vegetables and seafood. Many dishes combine traditional Greek recipes with modern culinary influences.
Seaside Cafés and Sweet Treats
The lively seafront promenade of Glyfada is also famous for its cafés and dessert shops. Ice cream, pastries and coffee enjoyed with a view of the sea form part of the everyday coastal lifestyle of the area.
